AI / ML Papers
The technical papers that built the modern AI stack, in order
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Software 2.0
Andrej Karpathy · Essay
Efficient Estimation of Word Representations (word2vec)
Mikolov et al. (Google) · Paper
ImageNet Classification with Deep Convolutional Neural Networks (AlexNet)
Krizhevsky, Sutskever, Hinton · Paper
Deep Residual Learning for Image Recognition (ResNet)
He, Zhang, Ren, Sun (Microsoft) · Paper
Attention Is All You Need
Vaswani et al. (Google) · Paper
Language Models are Few-Shot Learners (GPT-3)
Brown et al. (OpenAI) · Paper
Scaling Laws for Neural Language Models
Kaplan et al. (OpenAI) · Paper
Training Compute-Optimal Large Language Models (Chinchilla)
Hoffmann et al. (DeepMind) · Paper
DeepSeek-R1: Incentivizing Reasoning Capability via RL
DeepSeek · Paper
The Bitter Lesson
Rich Sutton · Essay