YouTube Investment Memo
Roelof Botha / Sequoia Capital · 2005
"YouTube is capturing explosive user-generated video growth and will define online video."
In 2005, YouTube was a tiny startup with almost no revenue model, uploading videos that mostly weren't theirs to license. Roelof Botha, a Sequoia partner, wrote an internal memo arguing the firm should invest anyway, because the sheer volume and growth rate of user-generated video uploads was a leading indicator that YouTube was becoming the default place people went to watch and share video online — a position worth being early to regardless of how monetization would eventually work. Sequoia invested $1 million, followed by a $4 million Series A. Google acquired YouTube about eighteen months later for $1.65 billion, returning roughly 57x to Sequoia.
The mechanism is prioritizing a leading behavioral indicator (explosive, organic content-upload growth from ordinary users, not marketing-driven signups) over a missing business model. Botha's bet was that becoming the default consumer habit for a category — 'the place you go to watch a video' — creates a position so valuable that a monetization strategy can be figured out later, whereas waiting for a proven revenue model before investing would mean missing the window entirely, since by the time revenue is proven the position is already taken by someone else. This is the same logic later formalized in aggregation-style thinking: owning the user's default behavior first, monetizing the resulting leverage second.
What did Roelof Botha's YouTube investment memo prioritize as evidence the company was worth backing, despite having little revenue?
Read more about the topic
The explanation above is written with AI assistance. These are the originals — go to them to check it.
- Sequoia's Roelof Botha on Decision Making, AI, and the Next Trillion Dollar MarketYouTube
- The confidential YouTube Investment Memo by Sequoia you were never meant to seeAlexander Jarvis
Fairchild Semiconductor Founding
"Eight scientists who walked out on Shockley could build a silicon-device company if anyone would back them; about 35 corporations were approached and every one passed."