Canonical · Mental Models · Framework

The Iceberg Model

Edward T. Hall · 1976

"Events are just the tip of the iceberg. To truly solve a problem, you must look below the surface at the patterns, structures, and mental models driving it."

The idea

When a bad event happens, our instinct is to simply react to it. But the Iceberg Model teaches us that single events are always driven by deeper forces. If you only treat the symptoms (the tip of the iceberg), the problem will keep happening.

Why it works

The takeaway — recall it first

Second-Order Thinking

"First-level thinking says 'and then what?' once. Second-level thinking keeps asking."

Howard Marks · MemoContinue→