Descartes' Error & How Emotions Are Made
Antonio Damasio & Lisa Feldman Barrett · 1994
"Emotions aren't obstacles to rational decision-making — they're body-based signals (Damasio's somatic markers) and active predictions (Barrett's constructed emotion) that make judgment possible at all."
Damasio's Somatic Marker Hypothesis holds that every significant memory carries an attached body-based signal — a gut feeling, a tightening, a sense of dread or warmth — and that this signal, not pure logic, is what lets reasoning actually terminate in a decision. Barrett's complementary claim is that emotions aren't reactions to events at all; they're the brain's predictions, built from your history and current body state, about what a situation means for you — expressed as a felt state, checked against incoming data, and revised when the prediction misses.
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The Johari Window and the DiSC Model
"Self-awareness and team dynamics can both be mapped with simple two-axis models — the Johari Window splits what's known/unknown to self versus others, while DiSC categorizes behavioral style along dominance and sociability — giving structured vocabulary to traits that otherwise stay vague."