What Is Property?
Pierre-Joseph Proudhon · 1840
"Property, as legally and socially recognized, the right to profit from something worked by someone other than its owner, is not a natural right discovered by reason but a social and legal invention that Proudhon famously summarized as theft — a claim to value actually created by someone else's labor."
Proudhon's provocative opening line, 'property is theft,' is more precise than it sounds: he wasn't attacking personal possession of what you use and occupy yourself, your home, your tools, which he defended, but a specific legal category, property that entitles an owner to extract income or profit from something worked, used, or improved by other people, a landlord's rent, a factory owner's profit from a worker's labor, without contributing proportional labor themselves.
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Time, Work-Discipline, and Industrial Capitalism
"The precise, uniform, clock-measured time that structures modern life isn't a natural feature of reality but a historically recent invention — imposed during industrialization to synchronize labor and discipline workers, replacing older task-oriented and seasonal rhythms that had governed human activity for most of history."