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Canonical · Essay

Do Things That Don't Scale

Paul Graham · 2013

"Early startups should manually recruit users and do unscalable work; growth comes from effort, not automation."

The idea

Paul Graham's definitive advice for early-stage startups: you cannot wait for users to naturally discover your product. Founders must manually, and sometimes painstakingly, recruit their first users one by one and do things that are structurally unscalable.

Why it works

A common startup fallacy is that if you build a great product, users will come. Graham argues that founders must manually 'push the snowball' to get momentum. This means flying to a user's house to install the software, manually acting as the 'backend' algorithm (the Wizard of Oz technique), or physically going door-to-door (like Airbnb founders taking photos of apartments). These unscalable actions not only get you your first users, but they force you to talk to them, ensuring you actually build what they want.

The takeaway — recall it first
Check your understanding

According to Paul Graham, what is the biggest mistake founders make regarding early customer acquisition?

Further reading

Read more about the topic

The explanation above is written with AI assistance. These are the originals — go to them to check it.

  • Do Things That Don't Scale (original essay)paulgraham.com
  • Paul Graham explains what it means to do things that don't scaleYouTube
  • Paul Graham's counter-intuitive startup adviceInc.
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